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Darrow’s complex and evolving relationships with his friends—Victra, Tactus, Sevro, and Roque—allow the author to explore the interwoven themes of Friendship, Loyalty, and Betrayal. As a Red sent to infiltrate Gold, Darrow struggles to connect honestly with others, rarely able to relate to them as his true self. Despite this challenge, Darrow forms lasting, reciprocal friendships at the Institute, demonstrating the human need for connection. Each of Darrow’s relationships with his friends is unique. He is wary of Victra, given her duplicitous family, while Victra’s feelings for Darrow extend beyond friendship to love—a complication that Darrow recognizes: “She does all these things not for the Julii way of gain and profit, but for that simple human emotion” (283). The relationship between them is strengthened when they share simple facts about themselves—elements of truth underneath Darrow’s assumed persona, creating a new honesty and understanding between them. Although Victra still flirts with Darrow, she respects his feelings for Mustang. After she is shot, her main concern is telling Darrow she did not know of the plan to attack him, asserting her genuine loyalty to him.
By contrast, Darrow’s friendship with Tactus follows a more negative trajectory. Darrow feels slighted by Tactus when he thinks Tactus sold the gifted violin, and he feels betrayed and disappointed when Tactus takes the escape pod at the Academy. Unbeknownst to Darrow, Tactus feels overshadowed, although he truly does value his connection to Darrow. The lack of open communication results in Tactus’s switching sides, betraying Darrow. Their friendship is rekindled later when Tactus admits his feelings and Darrow re-extends his trust. Their relationship depicts the idea that to cultivate a strong friendship and loyalty, the individuals must communicate and offer reciprocal trust.
Darrow’s relationships with Sevro and Roque provide contrasting examples of the necessary connection between friendship and loyalty. Sevro offers his loyalty to Darrow, but his loyalty becomes conditional on Darrow’s honesty as he presses him for the truth: “I will not come back. I will not help you. I will not bleed for you. I will not sacrifice my friends for a man who doesn’t give enough of a shit about me to put his neck out just once” (207). Sevro demands vulnerability from Darrow, and when Darrow concedes Sevro’s loyalty is fortified, suggesting that true friendship rests on reciprocal loyalty. In contrast, Darrow does not extend either trust or vulnerability to Roque. In the few intimate moments they share, Darrow continues to hold back his true self, keeping his lie intact and remaining guarded. As a result of their broken friendship, Roque betrays Darrow. Roque’s betrayal is particularly dangerous because, having been close to Darrow for years, he knows Darrow well, demonstrating that relationships built without trust and vulnerability cannot not only break, but also become dangerous liabilities in a world of life-or-death stakes.
As a Red masquerading as a Gold in a world where discovery of his true identity means death, Darrow feels a constant internal conflict between his survival instincts (the need to protect himself and his mission) and the basic human need for genuine social, emotional, and spiritual connection. His dual identity—as both a Red and a Gold—creates a constant sense of fracture and displacement in his own life. Darrow himself describes his isolation as, “a loneliness that I’ve always felt among these Golds, but tricked myself into forgetting. I am not one of them” (36). The isolation of having to hide his true self impacts both his friendships and his psychological state. He consistently holds back his true self from his friends, as evidenced by Roque noting that Darrow is naturally reserved. His friendships with Tactus and Victra are also negatively impacted by need to remain guarded, and his lack of communication with the Sons of Ares—the only ones who know his true identity—intensifies his sense of isolation. Both Darrow’s mood and the state of most of his friendships improve when he lets down his guard and shares the burden with Sevro. The author illustrates the psychological impact of Darrow’s solitude through his emotional response to learning Sevro is in the Sons of Ares and knows his true identity: “He knows and he came to help me. To help me. I can’t stop shaking and saying thank you” (209). Shortly after this revelation, Darrow is able to open up and share a moment of honest vulnerability with Victra, suggesting the cumulative effect of connection—feeling seen and known in one relationship affects the ability to be vulnerable in others.
Because of Sevro, Darrow identifies the effect that his isolation has had on his physical and psychological well-being. Remaining isolated doesn’t prove his strength or superiority—instead, isolation is a tool of oppression. The Society’s social hierarchy forces the Colors into isolation from each other—preventing them from joining forces to throw off their oppressors. Darrow increases his sense of connection by telling Ragnar the truth: “And so I tell him. I tell him in that freezer what Dancer told me in the penthouse. We have been deceived” (298). By sharing the moral burden of the truth, Darrow and Ragnar move from a slaver-slave relationship into friendship between two people with a common goal: freedom.
The strength of their shared values climaxes when Ragnar risks being killed by Mustang after Darrow tells Mustang the truth. However, their ability to connect via the truth is threatened by the guilt Mustang feels for her privilege as she reckons with the oppression her people have perpetuated. She asks Darrow: “How can you even look at me […] After what we’ve done to your people. After what my father did to you” (421). Faced with the truth, Mustang feels morally conflicted—on one hand, she knows Darrow and the Sons of Ares are right in their quest to end the oppression of the Golds, but she also cannot fathom participating in the destruction of her own race.
Given her internal conflict, Mustang experiences her own sense of isolation and psychological suffering. In a way, she too has been inadvertently living a lie. Her sense of connection to her family and community has been broken by the knowledge that they are oppressors, but as a Gold, she doesn’t feel a sense of belonging among the oppressed either. Mustang’s arc going forward will be to reckon with this isolation created by the guilt of her privilege and find a way forward through intentional action, de-centering her personal feelings of guilt and betrayal and focusing on enacting change.
As a dystopian fiction, Golden Son explores the pitfalls of A Society Built on Oppression and Exploitation via the efforts of a rising rebellion intent on tearing it down. The theme is introduced before the story even begins through a chart in the frontmatter outlining the Color levels of the Society. By incorporating the chart, the author efficiently establishes the theme and explains the ways each Color is exploited for the benefit of the Society. Between the chart and Darrow’s mindset in the novel’s opening, the author makes it clear that as a group, the Golds are oppressing the other Colors to strengthen their own position of power.
The individual Gold leaders provide a spectrum of justifications and motives for reinforcing the Society’s oppressive structure. Augustus craves power because he believes it his personal duty to protect humanity, while the Jackal and Octavia appear to seek power for its own sake—to advance their personal status and influence. As Darrow becomes deeper immersed in the world of the Golds, the author makes clear that in a society built on oppression, citizens of every caste are vulnerable to exploitation. The author’s inclusion of Lancers—young, Gold soldiers contracted to serve high-ranking military officials—demonstrates that even members of the Society’s highest social caste are subject to the whims of those wealthier and more powerful than them—as evidenced by Fitchner’s declaration that all Golds are “Gorydamn slaves to the one with the scepter” (127). The dehumanizing, transactional nature of Gold relationships becomes clear to Darrow when Augustus decides to sell his contract: “Despite [his] Golden face and talents, [he is] a commodity” (36). Golds, like all the Colors, are cogs in the machine of an oppressive and exploitative society.
The novel posits several elements necessary to fight the oppression and exploitation of the Society including connection, love, and autonomy. The author uses the bonds Darrow develops with his fellow Golds as well as lowColors to demonstrate the importance of connection in a society built on equality. The bond between Sevro and Darrow over their involvement with the Sons of Ares bridges the gap between Sevro’s high-born background and Darrow’s Red origins. Darrow’s vulnerability with Ragnar despite the differences in their social caste establishes a connection between them that proves to be a powerful alliance.
The romantic subplot between Mustang and Darrow (underscored by Fitchner’s backstory with Bryn) positions love as a powerful motivator and driving force behind social change, hand-in-hand with respect. Darrow’s respect toward the lowColors and his insistence on providing them with a choice to accept the tasks and leadership roles he assigns to them positions autonomy as a basic human right. Each of Darrow’s followers chooses him, and their autonomy fuels their loyalty and regard for him.
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